Asociación entre abuso sexual y distrés psicológico en adolescentes escolarizados de Santa Marta, Colombia / Association between sexual abuse and psychological distress in high-school adolescents in Santa Marta, Colombia

Resumen. El abuso sexual es un estresor que incrementa el riesgo de distrés psicológico. El objetivo de la investigación fue cuantificar la asociación entre abuso sexual y distrés psicológico (estrés postraumático, depresión y riesgo suicida) en estudiantes adolescentes en Santa Marta, Colombia. Se diseñó un estudio transversal. Participaron 1.462 estudiantes entre 13 y 17 años (M = 15,98; DE = 0,83). El abuso sexual se indagó mediante un ítem único del Cuestionario de Victimización Juvenil y el distrés con la Escala Breve de Davidson para estrés postraumático, la escala de ideación suicida del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos y el Índice de Bienestar General (WHO-5). La prevalencia de abuso sexual fue 17,37%; riesgo de estrés postraumático, 19,36%; riesgo de depresión, 7,05%; y alto riesgo suicida, 13,27%. La historia de abuso sexual se asoció a estrés postraumático (Ajustado OR = 2,41; IC 95% 1,77 -3,28), depresión (AOR = 2,48; IC 95% 1,59-3,88), y riesgo suicida (AOR = 2,51; IC 95% 1,77 -3,56). Se concluye que el abuso sexual es un estresor que incrementa significativamente el riesgo de distrés psicológicos en estudiantes adolescentes en Santa Marta, Colombia. Se necesitan estudios de cohorte para controlar posibles variables de confusión para estas asociaciones.

Abstract. Sexual abuse is a stressor that increases the risk of psychological distress. The research objective was to quantify the association between sexual abuse and psychological distress (post-traumatic stress, depression, and suicide risk) in adolescent students in Santa Marta, Colombia. A cross-sectional, correlational study was designed. One thousand four hundred sixty-two students between the ages of 13 and 17 participated (M = 15.98, SD = 0.83). Sexual abuse was investigated using a single item of the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. Psychological distress was evaluated with the SPAN (post-traumatic symptoms, suicidal ideation scale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies and Well-being Index (WHO-5). The prevalence of sexual abuse was 17.37%; post-traumatic stress, 19.36%; depression, 7.05%; and suicide risk, 13.27%. The sexual abuse history was associated with post-traumatic stress (Adjusted OR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.77 - 3.28), depression (AOR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.59 - 3.88), and suicide risk (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.77 - 3.56). It is concluded that sexual abuse is a stressor that significantly increases the risk of psychological distress in adolescent students in Santa Marta, Colombia. Cohort studies are needed to control for possible confounding variables for these associations.

Función familiar, salud percibida y logro académico en escolares adolescentes / Family Function, Perceived Health and Academic Achievement in School Adolescents

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar la relación entre función familiar, salud percibida y logro académico en adolescentes escolarizados en Santa Marta, Colombia. Se diseñó un estudio transversal en el que se incluyeron estudiantes de décimo y undécimo grado. Participaron 1462 adolescentes escolares entre 13 y 17 años (M = 15.98; SD = 0.83), 60.32 % eran de género femenino, 76.06 % informó baja función familiar, 24.69 % mala/regular salud percibida y 30.78 % bajo/regular logro académico. La baja función familiar se asoció a salud percibida mala/regular (OR = 2.35; IC95 % 1.66-3.35) y bajo/regular logro académico (OR = 1.50; IC95 % 1.12-2.01). Se concluye que la baja función familiar es un factor de riesgo para la salud percibida y el logro académico. Se necesita más investigación de estas asociaciones.

Abstract This study's objective was to explore the relationship between family function, perceived health, and academic achievement in adolescents enrolled in Santa Marta, Colombia. A cross-sectional study was designed in which tenth and eleventh-grade students were included. The sample consisted of 1,462 school adolescents between 13 and 17 years old (M = 15.98, SD = 0.83), 60.32% were females, 76.06% reported family dysfunction, 24.69% were poor/fair perceived health and 30.78% low/fair academic achievement. Family function poor was associated with poor/fair perceived health (OR = 2.35, 95%CI 1.66 - 3.35) and low/fair academic achievement (OR = 1.50, 95%CI 1.12 - 2.01). It is concluded that family function poor is associated with poor perceived health and low academic achievement. More research is needed on these associations.